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February 25 DR. DENNIS GABOR - Noble Prize Winner for HolographyDr. Dennis Gábor was born in 1900, studied electrical engineering in Berlin. In 1927 he received Doctorate of Engineering from Techniscje Hochschule. His doctorate work was the development of one of the first high speed cathode ray oscillographs and in the course of this, made the first iron-shrouded magnetic electron lens. He started his career with Siemens & Halske AG Berlin, working on gas discharges and plasmas. He invented the mercury lamp while attempting to develop a cadmium lamp which proved unsuccessful. In 1934 Gabor went to the British Thomson-Houston Co. Research Laboratory, Rugby, England, on an inventor's agreement. On January 1, 1949 he joined the Imperial College of Science & Technology in London, first as a Reader in Electronics, and later as Professor of Applied Electron Physics, until 1967. From 1949-67 Gabor carried out some 20, mostly experimental, investigations with his Ph.D. assistants. They cleared up the "Langmuir Paradox"; the surprisingly fast apparent establishment of Maxwellian distributions of electrons in a low-pressure plasma, which had worried Gabor for 25 years. He with his colleagues developed: a holographic microscope; a new electron-velocity spectroscope; an analogue computer which was a universal, non-linear "learning" predictor, recognizer and simulator of time series; a flat, thin color television tube; and a new type of thermionic converter. February 07 Counterfeiting - Crime of 21st CenturyFederal Bureau of Investigation has referred counterfeiting as a crime of 21st century. World wide, in comparison to counterfeiting bank robberies account for less than $ 100 million per year. With in a decade the flow of counterfeit goods is nearly 100 times what it was 20 years ago. COUNTERFEITING affects us all:
COUNTERFEITING RESULTS INTO A HUGE LOSS: Loss to economy:
STATISTICS RELATED TO COUNTERFEITING Counterfeit and Pirated Products Index: Market Overview 28 Counterfeit Products Listed Product Average: $10.53 Billion Counterfeit and Piracy Market Index Source: Calculation of available products in the country. Products listed below, with source of figure listed on product page. Counterfeit and Pirated Product
Counterfeit and Piracy Market Index: Market Overview 59 Counterfeit Markets Listed Average Market: $8.77 Billion Counterfeit and Pirated Products Index Source: Calculation of available products in the country. Products listed below, with source of figure listed on product page.
Encouraging Initiatives - Pharma PackagingPharmaceutical counterfeiting and purchasing medicines from illegal distributions channels have become more and more common and a big problem in our country. Difference medicines and drugs are involved. An alarmingly high proportion of anti-malarial drugs brought in pharmacies and shops are counterfeit, and the problem has only increased significantly in recent years. Recent and widespread appearance of counterfeit artesunate tablets in several countries in South-East Asia including India poses a serious threat to health in this region. In some countries, up to 50 percent medicines are fakes, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the growing counterfeit drug market is going to be worth a hefty $75 billion globally by 2010.
The difficulty to monitor the spread of fake drugs is that counterfeit medicines are easy to manufacture- they look like genuine drugs in packaging and labeling. Another problems is the wide availability of controlled drugs-narcotics, benzodiazepines, amphetamines and other internationally controlled drugs are easily developed in many developing countries. In addition, countries with weak regulations are most vulnerable to the marketing of counterfeit drugs. Illegal pharmacies and the sale of medicines over the Internet have aggravated the problem further. The rapid expansions of unregulated markets has dramatically worsened the situation. The problem of counterfeit medication and abuse of pharmaceuticals containing controlled substances bought without prescriptions has increased alarmingly and poses graves risks to public health.
The counterfeit drug industry is currently booming with estimates that the black market would reach $75 billion by 2010. Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, barcodes and various other solutions have been offered to the industry as security measures. New holograms products like the ones manufactured by an innovative new platform technology which can react to simple stimuli such as breath or water to reveal a hidden image or change colour to confirm a product's authenticity, promise to be a novel arrow in the quiver of the pharma industry in its attempts to shoot down drug counterfeiters. These smart holograms as they are called, use a variety of polymers between layers of film which are turned to react to different stimuli. The polymers swell as a result of the stimuli and light is refracted in a different way, giving a visual response to verify authenticity. The smart holograms can be integrated into a supply chain to any extent a manufacture chooses, as the hidden image can be designed to fade and reappear as the stimulus is re-applied at a later stage, or employed as a single use feature with the revealed image remaining permanently.
The holograms can be used as a track and trace mechanism. and combined with specialization as well as hidden images to produce both overt and covert security features. The extensive technological research that has gone into the product and the manufacturing complexity will make it an unattractive option for counterfeiters, as is being fervently hoped by the industry.
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